ODISHA HISTORY TIME LINE
ଓଡିଶା ଇତିହାସ ର ସମୟ ରେଖା
LARGEST
TIME-LINE ON ODISHA HISTORY
IMPORTANT FOR OPSC OSSC OSSSC ASO and OTHER Odisha based exam.
The name of Odisha is derived from Sanskrit Odra Vishaya or "Odra Desa. The Ancient Odra desa or Ordesa was limited to the valley of Mahanadi and to the lower course of Subarnarekha River. It comprised the whole of the present districts of Cuttack and Sambalpur and a portion of Midnapur. Bounded on the west by Gondwana, on the north by the wild hill states of Jaspur and Singhbhum, on the east by the sea and on the South by Ganjam, Odisha has a legendary history.
Historically it was a part of the ancient
Kalinga of Mahabharata fame. It was a home of many powerful kings and kingdoms.
It has rich history of art, architecture, culture and religion that has drawn
attention from all over the world.
Stages of Historical Developments in Odisha
261 BC: Odisha's past
focuses with the war of Kalinga in which the people of Kalinga had a bloodshed
war with Ashoka, the powerful Mouryan emperor from Magadha. The bloody carnage
left Ashoka with such a bitter taste in his mouth that he turned his back on
violence forever and embraced the Budhism. Budhism spreads under his patronage
and becomes one of the major religions.
177 BC: Coronation of
king Kharavela.
232 BC: Ashoka dies.
The Mauryan Empire lasts up to 185 BC.
1st Century BC: Kalinga drifts out of the Mauryan rules under the first Chedi
King Mahameghavahan in the early part of the 1st Century BC.
49 BC: The third
Chedi king Kharavela comes to power, and conducts extensive military campaigns.
The greatness of his power is felt from the eastern coast to western coast of
India and from Mathura in the North to the Pandya kingdom in the south. Jainism
flourishes under him.
2nd Century AD: Early in the 2nd Century AD Kalinga is occupied by the
Satabahana King Goutamiputra Satakarni from the west (Nasik), and continues to
remain under the Satabahanas probably upto the rule of Yajansri Satakarni (AD
174-202).
3rd century AD: After the death of Yajansri Satakami (202 AD), some minor
dynasties like the Kusanas of North India, the foreign Indo- Scythian Murundas,
and thereafter the Nagas are believed to have ruled in the land until the time
of Samudragupta's south India campaign.
350 AD: Samudragupta
of Magadha sets out on his campaign of the south and conquers parts of Kalinga.
350-498 AD: Soon
after the invasion of Samudragupta to new ruling power called Marathas raises
its hand (from modern Parlakhemundi) and continues to rule over Kalinga till
498 AD.
500 AD: The reign of
first group of the eastern Gangas begins.
6-7 Century BC: A new dynasty called Sailodbhava raises its hand in the coastal
region of Odisha extending from Mahanadi in the North to the Mahedragiri in the
South. It is during the region of the Saillodhavas that Kalingas overseas trade
flourishes largely with the rulers bunching their colonial adventure in the
Suvarnadweepa i.e., modern Myanmar.
621 AD
1. Harshavardhana of Thaneswar (Modern Haryana) invades Utkal and
occupies till Chilika Lake. Budhism gets a renewal in 630 AD.
2. Huen Tsang visited Odisha
647 AD: The last Hindu
emperor of India Harshavardhana dies.
736 AD: Bhuama era
begins with the region Unmattasimha alias Sivakardeva who occupies the
Saillodhava Kingdom. The Bhuamas give patronage to Budhism. The dynasty is
marked by a few illustrious women rulers like Tribhubana Mahadevi and Dandi
Mahadevi.
931 AD: The reign of
Somavamsis begins. Somavamsi continue to raid till 1110 AD. Temple building
activities reach a considerable degree of perfection during the reign of the
Somavamsi with Bhubaneswar as the chief center. Somavamsi King Mahasivagupta
Yayat II comes to the throne, and with him begins the most brilliant epoch in
the history of Odisha. Yayat II unites Kalinga, Kangoda, Utkal and Koshala in
the imperial tradition of Kharavela. He is believed to have constructed 38
temples for Lord Jagannath at Puri. He is also known to have laid the
foundation of the famous Lingaraj Temple at Bhubaneswar.
1038 AD: The
eastern Ganga which was lying low since the end of 5th century AD came into
prominence again with the rise of Vajrahasta V who defeated Somavamsi ruler
Kama Deva and establishes the Ganga Supremacy over Kalinga.
1050 AD: The
construction of Lingaraj Temple at Bhubaneswar is finished by Lalatendu Keshari
of the Soma Dynasty.
1078 AD:
Chodaganga Dev of Ganga Dynasty comes to the throne.
1112 AD:
Chodaganga Dev invades Utkal and brings it under his rule. A great champion of
Vaishnavism, he is believed to have built the monument of Jagannath Temple at
Puri. It was during the rule of Chodaganga Dev that the famous medieval saint
Ramanujacharya is known to have visited Odisha
1115 AD:
Construction of Lord Jagannath Temple started.
1147 AD: King
Chodoganga Dev dies. About 15 kings rule the Ganga Empire after him.
1211 AD:
Anangabhima Dev III ascends to the throne. He is believed to have finished the
construction work of Lord Jagannath Temple at Puri. Anangabhima Dev establishes
a new city called Avinaba Bidanasi Katak (Modern Cuttack) at the bifurcation of
the river Kathajodi and Mahanadi.
1234 AD-1245 AD: Langula Narasingh Dev built Sun Temple at Konark.
1238 AD:
Anangabhima Dev dies in 1238 AD. His son Narshimha Dev comes to throne. He is
reputed to have built the Temple for the Sun God at Konark.
1244 AD: King
Narasimha Dev invades Bengal.
1361 AD: Sultan
Firuz Shah Tugluq invades the Ganga Kingdom and occupies Avinaba Bidanasi Katak.
1435 AD -1467 AD
1. Kapilendra Dev founded Odisha Empire.
2. Oriya Mahabharat was written during this period.
1567: Suleiman
Karrani, the sultan of Bengal invades Odisha.
1568: Ramachandra
Bhanja, the feudatory of Saranga Garh rises in rebellion and proclaims himself
as the king. Mukunda Dev dies in a battle with Ramachandra Bhanj, Soon
thereafter Ramachandra Bhanja also meets his defeat and died in the hands
Bayazid, the son of Suleiman Karrani. He succeeded in conquering Odisha
thereafter Afghan rule in Odisha began.
1590-1595: Odisha
becomes an arena for the battles between the Mughals and the Afghans when the
Afghans refuse to acknowledge the supremacy of the Mughals ruling over Delhi.
The operation continues from 1590 to 1595 resulting to the complete defeat of
Afghans.
1592 - 1751: Mughals
rule in Odisha begins with the arrival of Raja Manasingh, Akbar's Rajput
General, who destroyed the Afghans resistant. On the instruction of the Akbar,
Odisha is divided into five sarkars: Jaleswar (including Medinapur), Bhadrak ,
Cuttack, Chika Khol, and Raj Mahendry Dandpat. Odisha is thus acquired for
Mughal Empire and is governed as a part of the Bengal Subah for sometime. It is
during the Mughal rule that the merchants carry on their brisk overseas trade
& commerce and attract the attention of European traders.
1607: During the
rule of Akbar's son & successor, Jahangir, Odisha constituted into a
separate province, with Cuttack as capital and is placed under a subhedar.
1670: Kavi Samrat
Upendra Bhanj is believed to have been born around 1670.
1728: The Nizam of
Hyderabad occupies the whole of Ganjam & Chikakol (Srikakulam) &
declares them as the North Sarkar.
1751 - 1803: Maratha
Administration of Odisha begins with Raghuji Bhonsla-I as the new chief of the
territory. Marathas continue to rule till 1803, the year in which Odisha passes
to the hands of the Maratha administration. Marathas rulers however patronized
religion and religious institutions, thus making Odisha centre of attraction.
Oriya literature also makes a rapid progress during the period.
1633: East India
Company set up its trade centre at Hariharpur and Balasore.
1757 - 1764: After
the battle of Plassey in 1757 & Buxar in 1764, the British Empire looks for
acquiring more Indian territories. Odisha being the neighboring state of Bengal
naturally comes to be included in their planning.
1803: British army
under Col. Harcourt begins its march from Ganjam in the South, and occupies the
Mugalbandi districts of Cuttack, Puri, Balasore, and thereby completed
conquering Odisha.
1807: The first book
to be printed in Oriya is "New Testament" published by the Serampore
Baptist Mission Press.
1817: Under the
leadership of Bakshi Jagabandhu Biddyadhar, the paikas of Khurda rises up
against the British rule what is known as the famous Paikas Revolt of 1817. It
is primarily an agrarian revolt against the wrong policies of land settlement
and revenue administration adopted by the British.
1822: Missionaries
arrive in Odisha.
1837: Missionaries
established Cuttack Mission Press.
1839: Oriya is
adopted as the language of the court replacing Persian language.
1843: Fakir Mohan
Senapati is born.
1848: Kulabrudha
Madhusudan Das is born.
1849: Missionaries
bring out the first Oriya Magazine -"JNANARUNA"
1853: Bhaktakabi
Madhusudan Rao is born.
1855
1. Appearance of saint poet Bhima Bhoi.
2. Surendra Sai of Sambalpur, Chaki Khuntia of Puri, and Arjun Singh
of Podahat join hands with sepoys that is known as the "Sepoy Mutiny"
1862: Poet Gangadhar
Meher is born.
1866: A failure of
rain in 1865 resulted in the loss of usual crops and brought about a
catastrophic famine in 1865-66 which laid to the death of about one million
people in Odisha. Gross negligence, indifferent administration, lack of
communication and inadequate attention caused massive deaths in Odisha..
Cuttack printing press, the second in the state is established by the
initiative of the people of the province. The first news paper "Utkal
Dipika" is brought out by the Cuttack printing company. This tragic famine
is known as "Naonkandurvikshya".
1866-1900: It was
during this late 19th century that a new consciousness began to take shape. The
growth of modern education gave birth to middle class intelligentsia. The
publication of nationalistic periodicals and journals came into existence.
Nationalistic literary activities of writers like Fakir Mohan Senapati and
Radhanath Ray, gets prominence. Rise of numerous socio religious and cultural
societies for creating consciousness. Formation of the Indian National Congress
took shape of a political movement to unite all the Oriya-speaking areas under
one administration.
1882 AD: Utkal
Sabha under the secretary Gouri Sankar Ray formed.
1895 AD: Meeting
held at Cuttack under the leadership of Utkal Gourava Madhusudan Das and the
resolution passed for unification of Oriya speaking tracks.
1898 AD:
Madhusudana Das elected to Bengal Legislative Assembly.
1909 AD:
Satyabadi Bana Vidyalaya established at Sakhigopala (Puri) district.
1912 AD: Sitting
of Jatiya Sameelan was held at Balasore for discussion about creation of a
separate state.
1918 AD: Satyabadi
press established at Sakhigopala.
1927 AD:
Utkalamani Gopabandhu Das passed away.
1930 AD: Salt
Satyagraha (Labana Satygraha) at Inchudi, Balasore.
1936 AD: 1ST
April Odisha became separate state.
1938 AD: Baji
Rout died in police firing.
1939 AD
1. (5TH August) Subash Chandra Bose visited Cuttack.
2. Jaya Prakash Narayan visited Cuttack.
3. Major general Bezel Gate was attacked and killed at Ranapur of
Puri district.
1941 AD: Raghu
Dibakar hanged in connection with Bezel Gate murder.
1943 AD
1. Oriya song transmitted for the first time from Calcutta radio
station.
2. Utkal University started functioning.
1946 AD
1. Foundation stone of Hirakuda Dam laid by Sir.Hawthrone Lewis,
Governor of Odisha.
2. Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI) established at Cuttack.
1947 AD
1. Sri Biju Pattanaik made a daring flight to Indonesia to bring the
hostage Indonesian leaders.
2. Merger of princely state with Odisha.
Capital from Cuttack shifted to Bhubaneswar.
1950 AD: With
the coming of independence, the princely states in and around Odisha surrender
their sovereignty to the Government of India. By the states merger (Governors
provinces) order, the princely states of Odisha are completely merged with the
Odisha on 19th August 1949, and the new Odisha becomes nearly twice its size by
the addition of more people to its population.
1952 AD
1. To institute Kalinga prize Sri Biju Pattanaik donated an amount of
one thousand pound to UNESCO.
2. In Govt. transaction both Oriya and English language were
introduced.
1953: Rourkela Steel
Plant (RSP) was founded.
1950-56: The
second (post-independence) ministry under the leadership of Nabakrushna
Choudhury formed.
1956-59: The
third (post-independence) ministry headed by Dr.H.K.Mahatab assumes office.
1956
1. Odisha Board of Secondary Education (BSE) is formed.
2. Establishment of Burla Engineering College at Sambalpur.
1957
1. Odisha Sahitya Academy is formed.
2. Completion of Hirakud Dam.
3. To introduce Oriya in official language, official language act was
passed in Odisha Assembly.
4. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India inaugurated
Hirakuda Dam.
1958
1. Establishment of Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP).
2. Mihir Sen crossed English Channel.
1959: Medical
College at Burla, named as VSS Medical College started.
1959-61: The
fourth (post-independence) ministry formed under the leadership of
Dr.H.K.Mahatab.
1960: The Odisha
Land Reforms Act of 1960 introduced.
1961
1. Inauguration of Odisha State Assembly Building.
2. Regional Engineering College (REC) started at Rourkela.
3. Odisha State Electricity Board (OSEB) is set up.
1961-63
1. Congress forms the fifth (post-independence) ministry under the
great leadership of Shri Biju Pattnaik. Shri Pattnaik initiates several
industrial projects for rapid industrialization of Odisha. Most important and
ambitious of the projects are Paradeep Port and the Express Highway connecting
the port with the mining areas.
2. Bali Mela and Talcher Projects, MIG Factory at Sunabeda.
3. Odisha Industrial Development Corporation (IDCO) and Odisha Small
Scale Industries Corporation are set up.
1963: Utkal
University building inaugurated.
1963-65
1. Congress forms the sixth (post-independence) ministry under the
leadership of Shri Biren Mitra of Congress.
2. Nehru laid foundation stone of NTPC (National Thermal Power
Corporation) at Talcher, in 1964.
1965-67
1. Congress forms the seventh (post-independence) ministry under the
leadership of Sadasiva Tripathy.
2. Completion of Paradeep port (1966).
1967
1. Establishment of two new universities at Berhampur and Sambalpur.
2. A new party called Jana Congress is formed under the leadership of
Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab.
3. Pt. Nilakantha Dash passed away.
1971-72: As the
result of an indecisive verdict in the mid term poll held in the March, 1971,
the Swatantra Party, the Jharkhand Party and the Utkal Congress party form a
coalition Govt. Ninth (Post-independence) ministry formed under the leadership
of Shri Biswanath Das.
1971
1. Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati passed away.
2. Acharya Harihara passed away.
1972-73: Mrs.
Nandini Satpathy takes over as the chief of the tenth ministry formed after
large scale defections from the ruling coalition.
1973: Imposition of
president rule on 3rd March, 1973.
1974 -76: Mrs
Nandini Satpathy forms eleventh ministry.
1977: Mr.Binayak
Acharya is sworn in as the Chief Minister of the twelfth ministry. The ministry
remains in office only for 123 days. In a mid term poll, the Janta Party laid
by Shri Biju Pattnaik secures 110 seats out of 147 seats. Mr.Nilamani Routray
is made the Chief Minister. The ministry remains in office till 1980.
1980: Shri Biju
Pattnaik conferred the title of "Bhumiputra" by Indonesian Government.
1981
1. Sri Jagannath Sanskrit University is established at Puri.
2. National Aluminium Company (NALCO) established at Angul.
1981-85:
Congress party wins a resounding victory to form of the fourteenth ministry in
the state. Mr. Janaki Ballav Pattnaik becomes the Chief Minister.
1984
1. Mrs. Indira Gandhi addressed last meeting of her life at
Bhubaneswar.
2. Television Transmission Centre was established at Cuttack.
1985
1. Congress party wins an impressive victory in the elections to the
9th Odisha Legislative Assembly.
2. Mr. Janaki Ballab Pattnaik becomes the Chief of the fifteenth
ministry.
1987
1. Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab passed away.
2. Shri Sachidananda Routray, renowned poet of Odisha received
"Gyanapitha" award.
1989
1. Shri Rabi Ray was elected as Speaker of Loksabha.
2. Agni Ballistic Missile was test fired for first time at Chandipur
on sea.
1989-90: Mr.
Hemananda Biswal becomes the sixteenth Chief Minister after the resignation of
Shri Janaki Ballav Pattnaik.
1990
1. Under the dynamic leadership of Shri Biju Pattnaik, the Janta Dal
wins an astounding victory in the elections to the Tenth Odisha Legislative
Assembly.
2. Justice Ranganath Mishra sworn in as the Chief Justice of India.
1993: Number of
districts of Odisha increased from 13 to 30.
1995: Indonesian
Government awarded their highest national title "Bintan Jasuttam" to
Shri Biju Pattnaik.
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